Conflicts in planning process of locally unwanted land uses (LULUs): a case study in İzmir

Abstract

Land use planning is both a technical and political process in which multiple stakeholders with diverse interests are affected by decisions. Locally Unwanted Land Uses (LULUs) are particularly prone to conflict, as they are often regionally or nationally necessary but strongly opposed by nearby residents due to negative externalities. This paper examines a case study in İzmir, Turkey, analysing the land allocation process of a LULU, the conflicts it generated, and the interest groups involved. It highlights reasons for opposition, such as environmental, economic, and health concerns, and explores attempts at conflict resolution by planning authorities. The study emphasises the importance of understanding planning processes for LULUs and suggests that addressing the roots of conflict and seeking consensus are key steps towards smoother planning outcomes.