Assessing the effectiveness of participation in urban planning processes: a dual perspective on civic engagement and process efficiency

Abstract

The present paper proposes a methodology for the evaluation of participatory planning processes through an integrated lens that connects institutional design with civic experience. The model synthesises objective indicators – such as timing, access, and policy integration – with subjective dimensions – like trust, agency, and place attachment. This enables it to capture the interplay between governance structures and lived participation. The framework is situated at the intersection of institutional practice and democratic innovation, thereby facilitating cross-boundary learning between public actors, communities, and planning professionals. This exploratory study establishes the foundation for subsequent empirical validation. It provides a versatile instrument for evaluating and collaboratively designing participatory pathways that enhance citizen empowerment and fortify democratic resilience across various territorial contexts.