The Bioeconomy, Experimental Governance, and Spatial Planning

Abstract

Spatial planning, deeply rooted in institutional contexts, is a key enabler of societal transitions towards sustainability. The governance structures that influence planning are shaped by institutional frameworks and regulations determining land-use and developmental decisions. While agendas like the bioeconomy offer pathways to sustainability, their implementation is often hindered by rigid governance, fragmented coordination, and slow processes stemming from divergent perspectives and institutional inertia. Sustainability-focused governance models can improve planning effectiveness. Experimental approaches such as testbeds and living labs encourage institutional learning and collaboration among stakeholders, enabling co-creation. However, they also introduce challenges related to stakeholder interests and power dynamics. This paper analyses the interplay between planning systems and sustainable transitions such as the bioeconomy, whilst exploring how experimental governance can address some these challenges.