What explains urban poor’s access to water? Case study: Kabad Khana, Bhopal

Abstract

This paper examines the ability of the urban poor in Bhopal, India, to access formal water supply systems, using the slum area of Kabad Khana as a case study. It analyses how governance structures, power relations, and the involvement of various actors at household, community, and city levels shape water access. The study reveals significant gaps in municipal planning and management, highlighting limited representation of the poor in decision-making and insufficient accountability of governance actors. It suggests alternative approaches that emphasise understanding the livelihoods of the poor, enhancing community engagement, and ensuring accountable governance to improve equitable access to water.