Exploring Policy Frameworks for Cultural Heritage in Climate Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management: A Cross-Case Comparison

Abstract

We examine the integration of cultural heritage into climate adaptation and flood risk governance through comparative case studies in Norway and Italy, undertaken within the AGREE project. Using a relational analytical framework to assess the policy portfolios connecting these fields, we analyse how heritage is framed in adaptation and risk policies, how vulnerability is conceptualised, and how integration unfolds across sectors and scales. Norway provides formal definitions and planning tools for heritage vulnerability, yet implementation remains inconsistent. Italy demonstrates diagnostic awareness of heritage risk, but operational integration is lacking. Our findings highlight persistent gaps in vertical and horizontal policy alignment, while identifying entry points for transformative change. Reframing cultural heritage in terms of its relational capacities may support more integrated, adaptive, and resilient approaches to climate risk governance.