Aliens are citizens: the local dimension of inclusion policies

Abstract

This paper examines how local policies in Italian cities address the inclusion of immigrants, with a particular focus on housing. While European institutions regard the nation state as the primary actor in integration policy, global migration has challenged the traditional link between citizenship and nationality, shifting many citizenship claims to the urban level. Immigration impacts social, spatial and political structures of cities, making local governments key actors in developing inclusion-driven policies. In Italy, where the state is evolving towards a federalist structure, municipalities have taken initiatives such as consultative committees and councillors for immigrants, promoting participation and dialogue with NGOs and other bodies. Nevertheless, housing remains the most critical issue for effective inclusion. The shortage of public housing and declining opportunities in the private rental sector exacerbate social inequalities. While some cities adopt policies fostering inclusion and multiculturalism, others reject these approaches, reinforcing segregation and denying basic rights. The study argues that national frameworks are increasingly inadequate to address migration, and highlights the decisive role of local administrations in ensuring access, equity and social justice for immigrant populations.