How to Incorporate Environment in Water Resources Management: A River Management Approach for Çoruh Catchment Area

Abstract

This paper explores how ecosystem-based management (ESBM) can enhance water resource management in the Çoruh Catchment Area, Turkey. While integrated, participatory, and adaptive approaches have been proposed, their implementation often falls short of sustainability goals. ESBM distinguishes itself by recognising ecosystems as a third party in management, emphasising holistic, science-based understanding of ecological and social systems. The study highlights the challenges of implementing ESBM under conditions of poor data and weak governance, including limited transparency, lack of reliable law enforcement, and conflicting stakeholder goals. Drawing on case studies, it argues that even in difficult contexts, progress towards ESBM is possible, particularly when stakeholder engagement helps compensate for data gaps and governance deficiencies.