The Concept of Integration in Spatial Planning: An Exploration

Abstract

This paper explores the meanings and applications of the concept of integration in spatial planning, with a focus on Dutch planning practice. While integration is widely regarded as a defining feature of spatial planning—distinguishing it from traditional land-use planning by encouraging strategic visions, cross-sectoral policy alignment, and stakeholder cooperation—its practical interpretation remains ambiguous. In the Netherlands, the ambition for integrated spatial development was formalised in the 2006 national spatial memorandum. However, many large-scale integrative projects have stalled due to economic constraints, raising doubts about their feasibility in the near future. Drawing on frameworks by Healey, Kidd, and Vigar, the paper analyses different conceptualisations of integration and assesses the extent to which integrative approaches are necessary or effective in achieving planning objectives. The findings highlight both the potential and limitations of integration in contemporary spatial planning.