Flood Risk Perception Under the Levee Effect: Adaptive Management Strategies for Heterogeneous Individuals

Abstract

As climate change leads to increasingly frequent extreme rainfall events, the risk of urban flooding disasters is rising. Urban areas commonly adopt structural flood control measures to mitigate flood risks. However, this may create a “levee effect,” giving residents a false sense of security and promoting development in high-risk areas, ultimately increasing long-term risks. This study takes Tainan City as an example, using a literature review and spatial analysis to identify potential areas affected by the levee effect. A stratified random sampling method is employed for a questionnaire survey, followed by cross-analysis to explore the differences in risk perception among different groups. The research aims to enhance risk awareness, promote practical response actions, and provide references for adaptation strategies and policy planning.