Revitalization of a Mid-Sized City in Japan through Public Transit and Land Use Policies: Case of Toyama

Abstract

Since the late 20th century, excessive motorisation has driven urban sprawl and environmental degradation worldwide. Toyama, a mid-sized Japanese city, has successfully shifted from car dependence to a transit-oriented and environmentally conscious model. As one of Japan’s designated Eco-Model Cities, Toyama has implemented innovative policies, including the renewal of public transit into a modern Light Rail Transit (LRT) system, subsidies for development near transit stations, and revitalisation of the central business district with integrated mobility options such as community rental cycles. This study analyses Toyama’s policies within the frameworks of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and multi-core development. Results show measurable reductions in greenhouse gas and NOx emissions, demonstrating how coordinated transit and land use policies can revitalise mid-sized cities, preserve central districts, and improve environmental conditions. The Toyama case also provides lessons for cities in developing countries seeking sustainable urban models.