Negotiating Multi-Scalar Conservation: The Case of England

Abstract

This paper analyses conservation-planning in England across multiple scales of governance. It traces the historical development of conservation practices and the legacies of national legislation, while examining current challenges under the Localism Act. The study highlights tensions between international obligations (e.g., World Heritage), national policy frameworks, local government, and community-led initiatives. Through two case studies—conflicts around World Heritage sites and neighbourhood planning pilots—the paper explores how heritage is contested and negotiated, questioning whether heritage risks being subordinated to economic development goals.