European Landscape Convention. Policy and Planning Innovations

Abstract

The paper analyses the implementation of the European Landscape Convention (ELC, 2000) and its influence on landscape policies, planning, and governance across Europe. It explores legislative innovations, planning instruments, and design methodologies introduced in various countries over the decade following the Convention’s approval. Through comparative analysis of cases in The Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Denmark, France, Spain, and Italy, the study highlights differences in cultural traditions and policy approaches, from integrated territorial planning to sector-based heritage protection. Key themes include participation, vertical and horizontal policy integration, landscape assessment, and the role of landscape in socio-economic development. The paper concludes that while the ELC has significantly shaped landscape governance, challenges remain in integrating urban dimensions and ensuring effective implementation across diverse national contexts.