Critical Reviews of EIP Development Strategies for Problems of Industrial Complexes in Korea

Abstract

Industrial complexes have played a central role in Korea’s industrial policy but have also been criticized for causing environmental problems. To address these challenges, the Korean government introduced Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) projects, inspired by industrial ecology, aiming to combine economic efficiency with environmental sustainability. Five EIPs have been developed so far, with plans for expansion. However, several issues have emerged: recycling networks remain limited and ineffective, legal frameworks and regulations make participation unattractive for companies, and overall engagement in government-supported projects has been low. The paper highlights these shortcomings and argues for policy and legal reforms to invigorate recycling networks, improve resource circulation, and enhance waste exchange activities, contributing towards a cyclical society.