An Assessment of the Planning and Operational Performance of the Bus Rapid Transit System in Istanbul

Abstract

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems have become increasingly popular worldwide as they combine the quality and speed of rail with the flexibility of buses, offering faster services, reduced travel times, and improved image compared to conventional bus operations. This paper assesses Istanbul’s Metrobus, the only BRT system in Turkey, launched in 2007. Drawing lessons from best-practice systems in Bogotá, Curitiba, and Mexico City, the study examines four dimensions: planning and integration with urban development and transport modes; physical design and location; operational characteristics including service levels and fare schemes; and marketing, branding, and image-building strategies. The findings highlight how these aspects have influenced ridership and overall system performance. The paper concludes with a set of factors critical to the successful implementation of BRT, derived from both the Istanbul case and international comparisons.