Climate change adaptation measures for Italian coastal cities

Abstract

Coastal areas are commonly the geographical space of transition between land and sea, comprising of the land near the coast and the adjacent territorial waters. These areas include diverse systems such as delta environments, humid areas, lagoons, small islands, low-lying coastal plains, sandy beaches and sedimentary coasts. The borders of a coastal area are often defined arbitrarily and can be divided up among nations. Due to their own nature, these areas are intrinsically dynamic systems characterised by interacting morphological, ecological and socio-economical processes